The Influence Of Religion On The Mind And The Body

Religion is one of the powerful forces in society. Religion exists because human beings have always looked to religion to provide answers to many of our needs. Emile Durkheim believed that religion was created by the societies in which they were followed. He took a logical perspective on the creation and foundation of it. He mostly based it on evidence and behavioral science. A psychological approach to studying religion would depend more on the lives of individuals. William James found a connection between the influence on the mind and the body. This led to religious experiences and beliefs. I ve selected James and Durkheim because their perception of religion make more sense to me. Differences in culture make a big difference in religious beliefs. Religious behavior is relative to the society in which its found. That society will often use a religion to reinforce its own values. The psychological approach of the study of religion will depend more on the individual s perception and personal belief.The most important concepts of the Upanishads include Brahman, Atman, maya, karma, samsara, and moksha. Since this question only asks to describe four of these key concepts I have selected to concentrate on the first ones which are Brahman, Atman, maya, and karma. †¢ Brahman originally meant that a cosmic power was always present in a Vedic sacrifice along with their chants. According to the Upanishads, Brahman is a god who appears in infinite forms such as fire, water, and theShow MoreRelatedThe Mind Body Problem : A Philosophical Dilemma Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe mind-body problem is a philosophical dilemma that has perplexed philosophers, scientists, and students alike since the time of Renà © Descartes. Simply stated, the mind-body problem is: what is the relationship between the mind and body? 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Chinese popular religions want the human to be doing well and succeeding in theirRead MoreHow Media Affect Peoples Subconscious Judgments1200 Words   |  5 Pageshuman subconscious mind is considered as information storage. Thus, media influence people’s subconscious daily through news, advertisements, games, movies, and the internet; they might impact people’s minds in positive and negative ways. Sometimes, people have subconscious judgments to a particular thing or a specific person subjectively due to being affected by media. Two books and some articles that are mentioned below will show negative influe nces of media on people’s minds. Although media giveRead MoreEast Asian Concept Of Human Nature1715 Words   |  7 Pagesbased on these religions. Chinese government, constitution and the administration policies have been based on the ethics of Confucian traditions and ethics as well as philosophy. 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Eating the Right Food Free Essays

string(108) " time there is not a big variety of local foods that you can buy, because of the severe weather conditions\." â€Å"You are what you eat† said for the first time Anthelme Brillat-Savarin back in 1826 and since then this phrase is being used a lot by nutritionists. If this is really true, then a lot of Americans would appear to be unhealthy, treated with chemicals and, commercially raised animal flesh. While this does not sound very nice, it is nonetheless a description of the typical Americans who survive on the consumption of big macs and greasy French fries. We will write a custom essay sample on Eating the Right Food or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Unfortunately, studies show that over eighty five percent of Americans no longer eat even one meal at home together every day† (Bond, 4). It is true, and what should the average Americans do about this problem? They should better choose what they eat. Eating the right food is like getting an A at school. If you eat right food you will most likely be healthy. If you are getting A’s at school, you will most likely be successful. Eating the right food will contribute to your healthy living. By making the right choices, you will help yourself avoid some very serious problems. Making poor choices like eating too much wrong food, increases your chances of developing cancer, heart disease, diabetes, digestive disorders and aging related loss of vision. An example for that is the obesity, which is a major health concern in the United States. â€Å"Obesity can be linked to some 300,000 deaths and $117 billion in health care costs a year† (Espejo, 11). This statistics is very scary and it shows us how serious can be the wrong choice of our food. If we want to live healthy, we have to eat right. Eating the right food is not a hard thing to do. We just have to know some basic rules. One way to choose the right food is to follow the Food Guide Pyramid, developed by The Ivanova 2 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). More than one hundred years ago in 1894, the USDA published its first food guide, where the author, a nutritionist, introduced the idea of food groups. The five food groups defined in the food guide were milk and meat, cereals, fruits and vegetables, fats and fatty foods, and sugars and sugary foods. The guide made recommendations about eating food from each food group to remain healthy. MyPyramid is the most recent food guide, designed to provide Americans with a wide variety of food recommendations that will promote their health. MyPyramid was a major revision of the Food Guide Pyramid. It was designed to illustrate recommendations found in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 released by the USDA in January 2005. MyPyramid is intended to help Americans choose the right food to eat. It is designed to help people learn how to eat a healthy diet and live an active lifestyle. The latest food pyramid makes recommendations in seven categories: grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meat and beans, oils, discretionary calories, and Ivanova 3 physical activity. Each food category is a different color in the pyramid with different recommendations. The highest recommendation according to the pyramid is for grains, milk and vegetables. The lowest recommendation is for oils and meat. MyPyramid assumes that people will eat from all food categories. I have found that following MyPyramid is the simplest way of balancing my meals. It separates foods into groups and graphs the amount of each group needed in an average person’s diet. The second way to choose the right food is to eat local and seasonal food. Eating local food has a lot of advantages. The shorter the distance that food travels from farm to table, the better. The long-distance transport of food requires more preservatives, packaging, refrigeration and fuel. By purchasing local foods in-season, you eliminate the environmental damage caused by shipping foods thousands of miles, your money spent on food goes directly to the farmer, and your family will be able to enjoy the health benefits of eating fresh, unprocessed fruits and vegetables. Eating locally does not mean to give up products like coffee and tea, which are grown only in certain regions. But it does mean to make choices when possible in favor of those foods that are produces near you. â€Å"Get out of the supermarket whenever you can† (Pollan, 33) is one of the Michael Pollan’s food rules. This rule implies the importance of going to the local farmer’s market. In the farmer’s market you will find fresh whole foods picked at the peak of nutritional quality. You will find food that â€Å"your great-great-grandmother would have recognized as food† (Pollan, 7). There are a lot of programs that try to promote growing fresh produce. South Central Los Angeles’ â€Å"Food from the Hood† program has brought ttention to the potential of its embattled Crenshaw district, while providing with Ivanova 4 college funds for the high school students who maintain organic gardens. San Francisco’s Fresh Start Farms employs homeless families to grow produce forthe city’s many restaurants. And U. S. prisons have taken to garden ing projects in a big way, like San Francisco County Jail’s Garden Project, which has prisoners growing food for local soup kitchens† (Motavalli, 17). These programs are great examples of promoting growing fresh and organic food. But that should embrace a larger number of people engaged with growing fresh produce. Not only homeless people, prisoners and students. Different programs should be developed in larger areas, where people can join and help grow fresh and organic food. Try to eat most foods only when they are in season, or can seasonal food in order to eat and enjoy it all year round. Buying seasonal produce also provides an opportunity to try new foods and to experiment with seasonal recipes. And it simply tastes better! Every region of the world has its harvest seasons. In order to eat locally, we have to be familiar with what is local and seasonal in the area we live. For example, in my country Bulgaria in winter time there is not a big variety of local foods that you can buy, because of the severe weather conditions. You read "Eating the Right Food" in category "Papers" So we usually buy bananas and oranges, that are imported. But in spring, where everything comes to life, we start buying strawberries and cherries. I was not used to eat strawberries all over the year before, because in my country we grow strawberries only in spring and this is the only time of the year that you can buy and eat strawberries. Here you can buy strawberries any time of the year, but I do not do that, because they do not taste good. In summer time in Bulgaria we buy peaches, apricots, tomatoes, corn and a lot more. In California on the other hand, in winter we can enjoy grapefruits, lemons, oranges, lettuce, mushrooms, and potatoes. An important part of buying local is making an effort to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables when they are in season in your area. Although today’s global marketplace allows us to buy foods grown virtually anywhere in the world all year round, these options are not the most sustainable. Even if you do not want to change any of your eating habits, you can at least make sure to buy local produce when it’s available, rather than purchase the same type of food from three thousand miles away! The third way to choose the right food is to eat fresh food and a lot of fruits and vegetables. Fresh food comes out of the ground and comes to your plate with as little interference as possible. The freshest produce is what you grow yourself and pick just before you eat it. Eating fresh food is as simple as it sounds. It does not mean avoiding frozen or canned food, but it rather means to eat food as close to its natural state as possible. Frozen foods and vegetables are nearly as good as fresh ones and they may even be more nutritious than fresh fruits and vegetables that have been stored for weeks or months under conditions that prevent ripening. Canned fruits and vegetables are usually fine, though many come loaded with salt and added sugar. (Willet, 126). â€Å"Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables† (Willet, 114). As child you hated to hear it. As a teenager, you promised yourself you would never say it to your children. This wisdom however is passed from generation to generation. This is a timeless advice, simple and easy to remember. The National Cancer Institute recommends that each of us eats at least five servings of fresh fruits and vegetables a day, since they play a very beneficial role in protecting against cancer, heart disease and other health problems. But what exactly are fruits and vegetables? â€Å"To a botanist, a fruit is any plant part that contains seeds, any by process of elimination, a vegetable is everything else: leaves, stems, flowers, roots and bulbs† (Willet, 115). The reason experts recommend so many servings of fruits and vegetables is that they offer the best way to prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes and cancer. We should simply â€Å"Eat food† (Pollan, 5). It is easy to say, but hard to do, especially with all the new food products that are introduced annually to the market. Most of these items do not even deserve to be call food. They consist mostly of ingredients derived from corn and soy that no normal person keeps in their pantry. Lastly, the right food to eat will be anything, but fast food. Most people choose fast food because it is convenient, fast, and cheap. Fast restaurants are everywhere, on every corner. They always have the best deals for food. Everything seems so delicious and in most of the times it is really delicious. But the problem is that is not healthy and this is absolutely the worse choice of food that we can make. â€Å"It’s not food if it arrived through the window of your car† (Pollan, 43). Fast food cannot be called food. We should avoid fast food restaurants if we care at least a little bit about ourselves. There is almost always a healthier choice. It may not be the cheapest or the fastest route, but I think that overall nutrition is more important than the thickness of our wallet. Cost, convenience, and lack of time all contribute to the bad eating habits most people have. Not everyone can afford to eat well in America, which is shameful, but most of us can. â€Å"Americans spend, on average, less than 10 percent of their income on food, down from 24 percent in 1947, and less than the citizens of any other nation†(The New York Times, January, 28, 2007). And those of us who can afford to eat well should. Paying more for the right food will contribute not only to your health also to the health of others who might not themselves be able to afford that sort of food: the people who grow it in the farms. Planning what to eat can eliminate impulse and over eating. In conclusion, choosing the right food to eat is not always easy. These are different ways to choose better our food. Choosing the right food to eat is choosing a better life. When we choose better our food we contribute actively to our health and to our life. MyPyramide is one way to choose the right food to eat. It gives us an idea how to balance the food we eat and what food to eat more and what to eat less. Another way to make a better food choice is eating a local and seasonal food. This is also not a very hard thing to do. We just have to make a little research on the local farmer’s markets and what kind of produce is grown seasonally in the area we live. The third way is to eat fresh produce and as many fruits and vegetables as possible. The last and maybe the most important thing to eat right is to avoid fast food. These are easy steps to living a happy, healthy and right life. How to cite Eating the Right Food, Papers

Myth and Measurement The New Economics of the Minimum Wage

Questions: 1. Analyze what happens when a higher minimum wage is enacted (raising a price floor on the price of labor). Will the number of workers hired change? Why? What might be an unintended consequence of a higher minimum wage law designed to help low income workers? 2. Analyze what happens when the price of rent is regulated so that prices are kept artificially low (a price ceiling). What will happen to the availability of apartments Why What might be an unintended consequence of a rent control? Answers: 1. A minimum wage is considered as the lowest compensation that employers may legally pay to employees. Similarly, employees may not sell their labor below the price floor. A price floor is a legal minimum in which the government does not facilitate the price of a good or service to decrease below the floor. The minimum wage has increased impetus among policy makers as a method to lessen rising wage as well as disparity of income. However, higher minimum wage or increasing price floor on the price of labor leads to job loss and probable magnitude of those losses. It has been predicted by the standard model of competitive labor markets that higher minimum wage is likely to lead to loss of job among low-skilled employees (Meer and West 2015). A binding minimum wage that is set higher as compared to the competitive equilibrium wage decreases employment for two purposes. Firstly, the employers will substitute away from the low-skilled manual labor that is comparatively costly at present towards other inputs that includes capital. Both product and labor demand will be reduced due to higher minimum wage. The increase in minimum wage is likely to reduce the hire of workers and they will also fire present workers. In other words, most of the companies move towards computerization, at least partly due to increase in minimum wages. Almost all the workers have diverse level of skills and as a result, higher minimum wage is likely to change the number of workers hired as employers will hire less number of low-skilled employees (Card and Krueger 2015). It is often understandably believed by the lawmakers that they are in the business to solve issues. Legislators often think that putting more money in the pockets of the poor is likely to help their families. However, legislation will not rescind the laws of economics. According to research, mandated hikes in wages imposes real costs of economics and these costs are principally borne by the very individual legislators are trying to help. However, it leads to an unfortunate attempt to increase minimum wages as it depends mostly on emotion rather than economic reality. Cohorts mostly depict the typical minimum wage earner as a solo parent who is struggling to place food on the table. A vast majority of individuals started their life with a minimum wage job. It provided entry to the market in order to gain helpful skills as well as knowledge that facilitated them to move up the ladder. However, it consists of a small subsection of the labor force. According to Card and Krueger (2016), p utting more money in the pockets of the poor did not help the poor however; it cost them their jobs. The higher minimum wage also had a negative impact on the minority employment mostly due to differences in level of skills and education. 2. The government control of the rents of houses as well as apartments is an exceptional form of price control. Rent control is considered as a law putting a maximum price or a rent on what property owners may charge tenants. If it is to have any impact, the level of rent requires to be put at a rate below that which would otherwise be triumphed. However, if rents are instituted lesser as compared to the level of equilibrium, the quantity demanded will essentially be more than the amount supplied. On the other hand, rent control will lead to a shortage of house spaces. In a competitive market, if the quantity of a commodity demanded is more than the amount supplied. The large demand in the non-controlled segment of the market is caused by rent control that in turn increases price in the segment. In the case of price ceilings, rent control leads to shortages as well as decrease in the quality of the commodity. The quantity of apartments for rents will be far less than otherwise. Exist ing unit off unit fare poorly under rent control (Ambrose, Eichholtz and Lindenthal 2013). Limited growth of rent dampens future investment in housing and it also inflates rents for unregulated units as well as depresses residents who secure units of rent-controlled. The unintended as well as unwanted consequences of endeavors to put into practice rent control and minimum wages are mostly uncomplicated. Rent control discloses the door to inequity due to potential tenants that cannot compete with each other by providing larger rent for an apartment. In a market that is left to its personal policies, everybody who desires an apartment at the market price gets one, and everybody who is enthusiastic to rent out an apartment at the market price gets a tenant. On the other hand, under a free and competitive market, a prejudiced property owner would have to pay for his prejudice in the form of subordinate profits. According to rent control wage law, individuals get access to lower-quality rental housing. However, property owners have weaker incentives to be conscientious about ma intenance. With price-control, individuals will be able to adjust the quality of the commodities as well as services that they are purchasing and selling. Employees have to pay for foods as well as employers that are used to offer. The rent control is considered as an effectual as well as counterproductive policy of housing. However, the law of rent control ignores the basic laws of economics that are associated with markets for housing (Kim 2015). References Ambrose, B.W., Eichholtz, P. and Lindenthal, T., 2013. House prices and fundamentals: 355 years of evidence.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,45(2?3), pp.477-491. Card, D. and Krueger, A.B., 2015.Myth and measurement: the new economics of the minimum wage. Princeton University Press. Card, D. and Krueger, A.B., 2016. Introduction and Overview [Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage Twentieth-Anniversary Edition].Introductory Chapters. Kim, J.R., 2015. What Drives the Price-Rent Ratio in the UK Housing Market? An Unobserved Component Approach.Journal of Marketing and Management,6(2), p.74. Meer, J. and West, J., 2015. Effects of the minimum wage on employment dynamics.Journal of Human Resources.

Workforce Diversity and Intercultural Communication an Example by

Workforce Diversity and Intercultural Communication In todays growing business industry, it is of importance that the company is able to compete with other companies within their business range. One major factor for the development of any business is the communication within the business itself. In this case intercultural communication and workforce diversity are two important factors. Intercultural communication deals with the issue of differences in culture in the area of speech and communication while workforce diversity seeks to include people which are considered to be different from those in the main community. Need essay sample on "Workforce Diversity and Intercultural Communication" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Usually Tell EssayLab writers: How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay now? Writers suggest: Rely On Our Help In Essay Writing Cheap Essays Not Plagiarized College Papers Online College Essay Writing Service Academic Paper Writing Services Every culture is different and the culture where an individual grows dictates his or her attitudes and understanding, therefore it is important that culture should be considered in order to be able to communicate effectively. Undermining the cultural background may result in misunderstanding and miscommunication. In this case it will be the companys loss because its workers may have problems with each other and may not be able to work efficiently. Undeniably, competence is very important in the business industry, there is a war raging between talented people. Companies are in need of able and competent workers but it is also important to for the company to maintain the workforce. Workforce diversity includes training less competent personnel to be a better worker capable of doing the task that are given to them. It is the companys goal to be able to meet the clients standard and therefore it is important that their workers are capable. Giving appropriate services will help the company not only in terms of production but it will also lift the companys name and credibility that may result in increase of client demanding for their service. It not only benefit the person and the company but the government as well for it is able to change less able persons into a productive individuals that are now tax payers. Truly in our growing economy, workforce diversity and intercultural communication are important aspects that every company should consider in order to maximize the companys performance. References: Friedman H., & Amoo T. .(no date). Workplace diversity: the key to survival and growth. Shinsori.com. 2004. Communicating interculturally. McInnes, R.. 2007. Workforce Diversity: Changing the Way You Do Business. Retrieved August 27, 2007

Retention and financial benefits of remote working

Retention and financial benefits of remote working Workers have come a long way with Teleworking and that is why National Telework Week has been organized to recognize employee retention and financial benefits of remote working. Brian Christensen who is one of the employees Cisco System Inc, which is a computer networking firm, recalls how he was forced to move from his home in San Francisco to be near the company’s headquarters in California.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Retention and financial benefits of remote working specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because he was always late at work due to the long distance drive. Christensen used to take 90minutes driving to work which was 50 miles away from his home. Despite the harsh conditions, he was expected to work for 10-hour days. Christensen laughs when he looks at how things have changed as compared to the past 18years. Being the director of information systems at Cisco, Christensen now has more re sponsibilities to attend to. He is responsible for mobile and home service offering for 63,000 employees with $43 billion Company (Meg par. 1). Today, Christensen is able to work several days within a week from home and that is why he encourages other clients and co-workers to do the same too. According a survey report, roughly 90 percent of employees are working at least one day a week from home. Cisco has taken the mandate to promote employee empowerment to facilitate success in their jobs. Better results will be recorded if the employees work from home as compared to the hours they spend in the office. Being a networking company, Cisco has taken the forefront to facilitate a movement on the benefits of teleworking not only to the benefits of employees but also as a way of making business operations to be more global by attracting and retaining workers of highest quality that will boost the productivity of employees. Actually it is Cisco Company that has sponsored the National Tel ework Week which is to begin on Monday. Telework Exchange Company is responsible for organizing the event since the company also promotes teleworking particular in federal government.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two companies believe that employees can be able to save $ 60 averagely in a week and $ 3000 yearly if they work remotely. A good example is Trademark Office and U.S. Patent which documented savings worth $19million after moving its employees to work remotely. This was more than 14years ago. The large savings were as a result of reduced transport and real estate costs and a reduction in employee turnover. A total of $ 215 billion can be saved if full-time workers decide to work remotely. The environment will also be spared from tons of 143 million pollutants. The number of employees working from home has increased steadily since 2004. However, in 2 010 the number declined as a result of recession. Most employees feared that they might be jeopardizing their boss by telecommuting. There are some managers who find it hard to believe in telecommuting. This is one of the reasons why it is not easy to shift every company to teleworking strategies. Only good results will enable managers to think of using teleworking strategies. Bibliography Meg, Breslin. Teleworking Has Come a Long Way for Workers. 4 March, 2012. Web. https://www.workforce.com/2012/03/05/teleworking-has-come-a-long-way-for-workers/

Overview of United States v. Susan B. Anthony

Overview of United States v. Susan B. Anthony The United States v. Susan B. Anthony is a milestone in womens history, a court case in 1873. Susan B. Anthony was tried in court for illegally voting. Her attorneys unsuccessfully claimed that citizenship of women gave to women the constitutional right to vote. Dates of Trial June 17-18, 1873 Background When women were not included in the constitutional amendment, the 15th, to extend suffrage to black men, some of those in the suffrage movement formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (the rival American Woman Suffrage Association supported the Fifteenth Amendment).  These included Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Some years after the 15th Amendment passed, Stanton, Anthony, and others developed a strategy of attempting to use the Fourteenth Amendments equal protection clause to claim that voting was a fundamental right and thus could not be denied to women.  Their plan: to challenge limits on women voting by registering to vote and attempting to vote, sometimes with the support of the local poll officials. Susan B. Anthony and Other Women Register and Vote Women in 10 states voted in 1871 and 1872, in defiance of state laws prohibiting women from voting. Most were prevented from voting. Some did cast ballots. In Rochester, New York, almost 50 women  attempted to register to vote in 1872. Susan B. Anthony and fourteen  other women were able, with the support of election inspectors, to register, but the others were turned back at that step.  These fifteen women then cast ballots in the presidential election on November 5, 1872, with the support of the local election officials in Rochester. Arrested and Charged With Illegal Voting On November 28, the registrars and the fifteen  women were arrested and charged with illegal voting. Only Anthony refused to pay bail; a judge released her anyway, and when another judge set new bail, the first judge paid the bail so that Anthony would not have to be jailed. While she was awaiting trial, Anthony used the incident to speak around Monroe County in New York, advocating for the position that the Fourteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote.  She said,  We no longer petition legislature or Congress to give us the right to vote, but appeal to women everywhere to exercise their too long neglected citizens right. Outcome The trial was held in U.S. District Court.  The jury found Anthony guilty, and the court fined Anthony $100. She refused to pay the fine and the judge did not require her to be jailed. A similar case made its way to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1875. In Minor v. Happersett,  On October 15, 1872,  Virginia Minor  applied to register to vote in Missouri.  She was turned down by the registrar and sued.  In this case, appeals took it to the Supreme Court, which ruled that the right of suffrage- the right to vote- is not a necessary privilege and immunity to which all citizens are entitled and that the Fourteenth Amendment did not add voting to basic citizenship rights. After this strategy failed, the National Woman Suffrage Association turned to promoting a national constitutional amendment to give women the vote.  This amendment did not pass until 1920, 14 years after Anthonys death and 18 years after Stantons death.

No topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

No topic - Assignment Example When the sample size (N) is small it takes a larger number of sample (Reps > 1000) to see that the distribution is normal while when N is relatively larger it takes relatively smaller number of sample (reps In conclusion, if the parent population is normal, the sampling distribution will always be normally distributed. If the population is not normal, the distribution of the sample mean will be approximately normally distributed if the sample size is large enough. From this we learn that this statistical technique assumes normality even when we are sampling populations that are not normal distributions. Hence we can say that central limit theorem is a statistical technique that assumes normality in both normal and normal statistical distribution shapes. When the sample size is large enough, the sampling distribution of the sample mean will always tend to normal distribution. In the first sentence it will be better to say that the central limit theorem describes the characteristics of the sampling distribution of the mean of samples that are randomly sampled from a population. Instead of saying â€Å"the means sample means is approximately normal† we rather say that the distribution of the mean of the sample is normal. And lastly there is a spelling mistake in the first paragraph last sentence. Instead of â€Å"†¦the sampling distribution if the mean approves a normal distribution†¦Ã¢â‚¬  it read â€Å"†¦the sampling distribution of the mean approves a normal distribution†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here, the classmate has done extremely well to point out that as the sample

Cognitive Psychology nowadays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cognitive Psychology nowadays - Essay Example They look at man as a blank state wherein environment dictates what would become of that blank. In this perspective, a man on a harsh or violent environment would end up a bad person; on the other hand, being on a peaceful environment would make him a good one. With little regards on heredity, they viewed psychology as primarily dependent on nurturing. This supports their stand that a man's experience molds him to a person he ought to be regardless of his nature. It implies that conditioning determines what a person would become. May that person be an artist, a doctor or a criminal; his genes have least thing to do with it. That a man's development is solely based on what he had experienced. Cognitive psychology, on the other hand, focuses on man's mental capability. It regards man as the highest form of creature that is biologically equipped with logic and rationality. A man's intelligence is attributed to his innate genetic makeup. For them a man's recognition between good and evil lies naturally with his own. Man being able to comprehend life and its intricacies would certainly manage to distinguish a much simpler matter such as recognizing good and evil. His life's experiences influenced by its underlying factor such as people whom he encountered, hardships and joy, he learn to act accordingly.

Exporting and the Export Contract Translation Into Vietnamese Essay Example for Free

Exporting and the Export Contract Translation Into Vietnamese Essay The first reason is that the contract contains and covers all the terms which the two parties have come to the agreement. This means that any external document has to be expressly incorporated into the contract. Besides, This is to prevent any ambiguity about the status of any earlier agreements or understandings. Both parties shall only base on the contract to perform their obligations. The last point is to prevent any disagreements and dispute arsing from the difference between the previous drafts and the contract so that the contract can be immediately executed for both parties’ sakes ? A contract normally includes wording the following elements: †¢An entire agreement statement: a statement in the contract that the parties agree that the terms of the contract between them are to be found within the text of the contract document and nowhere else. All entire agreement clauses include this element †¢An exclusion of liability for misrepresentation: most entire agreement clauses include one or more of the following: An acknowledgment by the parties that they have not relied on any representation which is not set out in the contract; A statement excluding liability for misrepresentation

screw the world religions :: essays research papers

Find Your Happy Place   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am an agnostic, but contemplating atheism. Agnostics like the idea of God; however they feel that it cannot be proven, while an atheist just flat out doesn’t believe. I was raised Jewish, but I have never been very religious, although my parents sent me to Hebrew school, and forced me to go to temple. Over the years that I have spent being taught Hebrew, and reading the stories from The Old Testament, I have come to realize that that is all they really are, stories. I mean come on, Noah’s Ark, Adam and Eve; you have got to be kidding me. The Old Testament is the Jewish holy book, written by the Hebrews in order to explain everything they couldn’t understand. For instance, look at the story of Noah’s ark. There was an ice age in the very early days of man and most places were completely frozen over. The Hebrews could not understand how any of the animals survived the ice, so they made up a story about Noah and his ark. Supposedly Noah was to bring two of each species of animals on his boat. However, there are over 50 million different species of animal, and boat with that capacity would have been the size of Texas. In addition to the fairytales of The Old Testament, let’s take a look at some of the very corrupt teachings in the Bible. There is a specific passage in the book of Leviticus, in which there is a man of Egyptian and Israeli descent passing through an Israeli camp. He happens to make a remark about God, and they sentenced him to death by stoning. â€Å"Now an Israelite woman’s son, whose father was an Egyptian, went out among the people of Israel; and the Israelite woman’s son and a man of Israel quarreled in the camp, and the Israelite woman’s son blasphemed the Name, and cursed. And they brought him to Moses. His mother’s name was Shelo’mith, the daughter of Dibri, and the tribe of Dan. And they put him in custody, till the will of the LORD should be declared to them. And the LORD said to Moses, â€Å"Bring out of the camp him who cursed; and let all who heard him lay their hands upon his head, and let all the congregation stone him. And s ay to the people of Israel, Whoever curses his God shall bear his sin.

Dividend Growth Model Essay

1. Dividend Growth ModelThe basic assumption in the Dividend Growth Model is that the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate. That this growth rate will not change for the duration of the evaluated period. As a result, this may skew the resultant for companies that are experiencing rapid growth. The Dividend Growth Model is better suited for those stable companies that fit the model. Those that are growing quickly or that don’t pay dividends do not fit the assumption parameters, and thus this model cannot be used. In this model, a company may not exceed the market growth rate. In addition, since the dividend growth rate is expected to remain constant indefinitely, the other measures of performance within the company are also expected to maintain the same growth rate. If in the current state, the dividend rate is greater that earnings, in time this model will show a dividend payout greater than the earnings of the company. Conversely, if earnings are growing faster than dividends, the payout rate will converge towards zero. In summary, the Dividend Growth Model works well for those companies growing at a rate equal to or lower than that of the economy and have an established and stable dividend payout. In order to estimate the cost of equity using the Dividend Growth Model, we simply adjust the model’s equation for estimating the price of a stock, given as such:P = D1 / (r – g)Where P = the price of the stockD1 = the expected Dividend in one yearr = the required rate of returng = the expected Growth ConstantBy solving the equation for k we get the following:P(r – g) = D1r – g = D1 / Pr = (D1 / P) + gTherefore in order to estimate the cost of equity through the Dividend Growth Model, we simply add the constant growth rate and the projected dividend yield in one year. 2. Capital Asset Pricing ModelThe assumptions used in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) are similar in that they assume an almost â€Å"perfect world† scenario. Initially, CAPM assumes that all investors have the same rational expectations of returns, and that these returns are in line with the best prediction for future returns as based on the available information. It also makes the assumption that the dividends are paid normally, that assets are fixed, and that the market is efficient and in equilibrium with no inflation or change in the interest rate. CAPM additionally makes the important assumption that the evaluated stock is properly priced and that the risk level has been properly assessed. Another major assumption is that there are no taxes, transaction fees, or arbitrage opportunities during the evaluation period. This is a huge assumption which is generally incorrect. Almost all transactions within the market have some sort of tax or fee associated with it. Within CAPM, the required rate of return is found in the following equation:r = rf + B (rm – rf)Where r = the required rate of returnrf = the risk free rateB = the stock’s Beta valuerm = The Market returnIn essence CAPM evaluates a stock based on its risk and potential return compared to a risk-free market portfolio. 3. CAPM and the Modern Portfolio TheoryModern Portfolio Theory is an attempt to balance the risks and rewards of investment portfolios through the use of diversification to lower the risk of the entire portfolio while maintaining high returns. The use of Beta is a key concept in Modern Portfolio Theory. It uses CAPM as its basis to select investments within a portfolio; seeking to mix stocks with both positive and negative Betas to construct a portfolio with a minimal Beta for the group of stocks as a whole. Theoretically, the returns from stocks with both positive and negative betas do not cancel each other out, but rather the portfolio is constructed that the returns are independent of the other stocks held, yet complimentary in accumulation of returns. 4. Estimation of Untraded Stocks. The general standard for estimating the cost of equity of a non-traded  company is through the Market Approach. The basis of this approach is that the stocks of publicly traded companies, engaged in the same of comparable business, are a valid indicator of performance for a non-traded company. Under the Market Approach, there are two commonly used valuation methods; the Guideline Public Company method, and the Merger and Acquisition Method. The Guideline Public Company method consists of finding a comparable company and applying that companies financial data to the non-traded company. A company chosen to provide a reasonable basis for comparison should ideally be in the same industry as the non-traded company. However, if there are no companies with sufficient data available, as company in a similar industry may be selected. A similar industry should be one that had identical investment characteristics such as markets, growth, and product lines. The difficulty in using this method lies in identifying a public company that is sufficiently comparable. According to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement onStandards for Valuation Services, the following should be considered when using guideline companies:†A. Price information of the guideline company must be related to the appropriate underlying financial data of the company evaluatedB. The valuation ratios for the guideline company and the comparative analysis of qualitative and quantitative factors should be used together to determine appropriate valuation ratios to be applied to the subject company. C. Several valuation ratios may be selected for application to the subject company, and several value indications may be obtained. The appraiser should consider the relative importance accorded to each of the value indications used in arriving at the opinion or conclusion of value. D. To the extent that adjustments for dissimilarities with respect to minority and control, or marketability, have not been made earlier, appropriate adjustments for these factors must be made, if applicable.†The key to obtaining the most accurate results when using the Guideline Company  Method is to use the most comparable company as the guideline company. The closer to the evaluated company in all areas, the more accurate the result. The merger and acquisition method evaluates a company based on actual merger and acquisition transactions that involve entire companies or controlling interests in companies. This method may include companies that were either public or private prior to the control transaction. When using this method, all of the underlying information relating to a particular merger or acquisition may not be known. The motives of the buyer or seller may cause the transaction amounts to be skewed; this will be transparent to the evaluator and can cause an inaccurate evaluation. By using either of the Market Approach methods, it is still a â€Å"best guess† based on the best available information. The more accurate and comparable the comparison study is, the better the resulting evaluation. REFERENCES 1. Booth, Laurence. Time to Pass the Old Maid? http://www.investmentreview.com/archives/1999/spring/oldmaid.html2. Damodaran, Aswath. Dividend Discount Models. New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Businesshttp://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pdfiles/valn2ed/ch13.pdf3. Citizendium.org. Cost of equity. http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Cost_of_equity4. Ivkovic, Inya. CAPM – Where Market Theories Converge and Clash. suite101.com. Sep 29, 2007http://investment.suite101.com/article.cfm/capm_assumptions_and_limitations5. Investopedia.com. Financial Concepts: Capital Asset Pricing Model. August 2007http://www.investopedia.com/university/concepts/concepts8.asp6. Wallener, Damir. What is Modern Portfolio Theory?http://www.investopedia.com/university/concepts/concepts8.asp7. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). Statement on Standards for Valuation Services. http://bvfls.aicpa.org/NR/rdonlyres/672E1DD4-2304-47CA-8F34-8C5AA64CB008/0/SSVS_Full_Version.pdf8. Wise, Richard M. Caveats in Using Guideline Company Transactional Data in Valuing a Business. Quarterly Journal of the Business Valuation Committee of the American Society of Appraisers. Vol. 22, No. 1, March 2003http://www.wbbusval.com/english/pdf/BVR4-Caveats-Guideline-Cos-March03.pdf9. Pratt, Shannon P. Business Valuation Body of Knowledge Workbook, 2nd Edition. ISBN: 978-0-471-27066-9. Paperback. 192 pages. January 2003

Linguistics Essay Essay

Some key terms: cultural, social, situational meaning; language; phonetics; the vocal apparatus; the vocal cords; voiced-voiceless sounds; place of articulation; stress or accent; pitch or tone; morphology; morpheme (singular-plural, tense). Assignment # 1: Essay on â€Å"what can the way a person speaks tell us about that person?† (due 1/18 at lecture time). Week 2: Jan. 18 The structure of language. [Assign. 1 (essay) due today at lecture time] Some key terms: syntax: subject, verb, object; language types; semantics (†Colorless green ideas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ); pragmatics. Jan. 20 Language structure analysis. Language, Culture, and Cognition. (hdt. #3.0 & 3.01) Readings: Bonvillain, Chaps. 2-cont. (pp. 22-27, 37-39) & 3 (pp. 41-63) Some key terms: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; semantic or vocabulary domain; color language and color cognition; lexical classifications and ethnoscientific domains; focal meaning and fuzzy membership; cultural presupposition; metaphor, metonymy; metaphors of kinship, other metaphors; proverbs. Week 3 Jan. 25 Language, Culture, and Cognition. (Hdt. 3.1, 3.2- metaphors & new words) â€Å"Metaphors We Live By†. Readings: Bonvillain, Ch. 3 (pp. 64-71) Jan. 27 Language and Culture: New Words in American English. Readings: Handouts: â€Å"Dictionary adds terms like chick flicks†; â€Å"Blog-blogger explained† â€Å"Words banned,† newspaper article. Project Explained: Profile of an ethno-linguistic group in the Los Angeles area. CHEM 105B Chapter 13 – 7 hours Chapter 14 – 7 hours Mastering Chemistry -8 hours Problems in Book – 2 hours Calculus 5.6 # 1,2,9,13,21,25 5.7 # 1,2,13,18*,35,39,45,48 5.8 # 1,11,13,16,21,27,29,32,35,41,49 * – use a computer program 6.1 # 1,2,3,7,9,13,16,18,20,27,33,44 6.2 # 1,3,5,14,19,23,37,39,40,43,48,49,53,54 7 hours

Different Acids and Their Reactions Essay Example

Different Acids and Their Reactions Essay Example Different Acids and Their Reactions Essay Different Acids and Their Reactions Essay This reaction is important in the erosion of carbonate rocks, forming caverns, and leads to hard water in many regions. An unusual form of calcium carbonate is ikaite with crystal water, CaC036H20. Ikaite is stable only below 6 oc. [3]The big problem when descaling with citric or acetic acids are the released flavor additives which cause an obtrusive smell during descaling. The plastic parts of your fully automated coffee maker tend to taken on these smells and influence the smell and taste of your coffee negatively. Plastic parts and sealing gaskets of your unit can be attacked by the vinegar or acetic acid. Citric acid tends to flake during descaling. This can block the valves and water pipes and lead to high repair charges. An additional problem is that the limescale is actually sealed in by an indissoluble layer which occurs repeatedly when using descalers based on citric acids. [4]Advantages: Ethanoic acid is non-toxic and is a weak acid, meaning it will not do any damage to most surfaces as it does not corrode or bind to other metals, therefore can be easily removed through washing or rinsing it. Disadvantages: Ethanoic Acid is the slowest de-scaler of the three acids, and is therefore the least ffective. It also may cause an unpleasant smell, and can have a negative effect on the taste of coffee meaning one would need to spend longer time rinsing and cleaning the machine thoroughly to ensure that the taste of the coffee is not affected. Sulphamic acid also called sulfamic acid is a white crystalline solid which is stable and non-hygroscopic. It is soluble in water and formamide and slightly soluble in methanol, ether, acetone and concentrated sulphuric acid. It is classified as a strong inorganic acid and is commercially produced from urea and fuming sulphuric acid. At room temperature, dilute aqueous sulphamic acid solution is stable for a long time but rapid hydrolysis occurs at elevated temperatures. Its solution is less corrosive toward metals than other mineral acids like hydrochloric acid. Sulfamic acid possesses a scale solubilising capacity which makes it ideal for removal of scale from boilers, cooling towers, coils, heat exchangers, condensers and a wide range of heating and cooling systems thereby increasing the efficiency of plant and equipment. Sulphamic acid is used as an acidic cleaning agent, typically for metals and ceramics. It is a replacement for hydrochloric acid for the removal of rust. In households, it is often found as a descaling agent in detergents, cleaners and toilet cleaners for the removal of limescale. [4] Citric Acid Advantages: Citric acid leaves behind zero toxic residues and has Just enough acidic concentration to descale without etching or damaging household surfaces in any way and there are no volatile compounds or products that harm the environment. Disadvantages: Because citric acid is a weak acid, it wont remove heavy build-up of scale very quickly. It is also a powder hence it must be dissolved for use. It also works best with hot water meaning there will be higher energy consumption. Even when used with Sulfamic acid is the fastest de-scaler It dissociates into hydroxonium ions more readily in aqueous solution than the others, therefore giving a greater concentration of atoms that are able to react with the calcium in lime scale. It is safe to use because it does not produce chlorine gas [5], which can be toxic. Sulfamic acid also has a low volatility. Disadvantages: Sulfamic Acid can be an irritant to eyes or skin and is the most expensive of the de- scalers.

Can Failure Lead to Success

A transient feeling of doubt may come across after or during the breakdown, but learning to be optimistic in such situations will abet one to learn from the wrong-doing and make better of themself. Any obstacle to stand in someone’s way of acquiring success is simply just a nudge in a different direction. Failure gives you the opportunity to come back stronger and braver. You are given a chance to work even harder than you did in the past. Assiduity and confidence is the key to picking up from any debacle that may influence you to give up. Imagine interviewing for a job that seemed like the best out there for you, but you didn’t get it. However, another job comes up that pays more and fits more comfortably for your schedule. A frustration of decline suddenly becomes something gained. Everything will soon be put into its’ right place, which is something pivotal to remember when you are in a struggle. Now that you have undergone such a negative time period of failure, you have been given a learning experience. Your stream of thought has been influenced and enriched. It is easier to develop new and different ideas, being that you must erase previous concepts. Make a new approach, take a risk, or test out something new to see a change in what you have done. All you have room left for is improvement, so doubting yourself will lead you nowhere. Learn from the mistakes that you have made in order to never run into them again on your road to success. Think of your downfalls as different plans that didn’t work out, rather than complete failures with no advantage. There are always things to learn, ways to grow, and new opportunities waiting for you. Failure can very well lead to success, but it all depends on you. Don’t be pessimistic when you must make new attempts in different situations. Be the best you can be so that your efforts can shine through in your work. Desire to succeed is much greater at this point, meaning you can truly stay focused on your goals. Viewing failure as the end of your road is the biggest mistake of all. Simply consider it the beginning of something potentially better. Can Failure Lead to Success A transient feeling of doubt may come across after or during the breakdown, but learning to be optimistic in such situations will abet one to learn from the wrong-doing and make better of themself. Any obstacle to stand in someone’s way of acquiring success is simply just a nudge in a different direction. Failure gives you the opportunity to come back stronger and braver. You are given a chance to work even harder than you did in the past. Assiduity and confidence is the key to picking up from any debacle that may influence you to give up. Imagine interviewing for a job that seemed like the best out there for you, but you didn’t get it. However, another job comes up that pays more and fits more comfortably for your schedule. A frustration of decline suddenly becomes something gained. Everything will soon be put into its’ right place, which is something pivotal to remember when you are in a struggle. Now that you have undergone such a negative time period of failure, you have been given a learning experience. Your stream of thought has been influenced and enriched. It is easier to develop new and different ideas, being that you must erase previous concepts. Make a new approach, take a risk, or test out something new to see a change in what you have done. All you have room left for is improvement, so doubting yourself will lead you nowhere. Learn from the mistakes that you have made in order to never run into them again on your road to success. Think of your downfalls as different plans that didn’t work out, rather than complete failures with no advantage. There are always things to learn, ways to grow, and new opportunities waiting for you. Failure can very well lead to success, but it all depends on you. Don’t be pessimistic when you must make new attempts in different situations. Be the best you can be so that your efforts can shine through in your work. Desire to succeed is much greater at this point, meaning you can truly stay focused on your goals. Viewing failure as the end of your road is the biggest mistake of all. Simply consider it the beginning of something potentially better.

Sealed Bids vs. Competitive Proposals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sealed Bids vs. Competitive Proposals - Essay Example In some cases, the contractors are able to change the price of their bids at the last moment as the lowest price gets leaked out. On the other hand, in the competitive proposals, more responsibility rests on the shoulders of the contractor as the entire work methodology is proposed by him rather than the client. It is risky as the competitive proposals are adopted as a method of procurement particularly for very complex projects (quelchnet.com, n.d.). The contractor might not be able to execute the work as the proposed methodology might turn out to be actually more complicated than the contractor had anticipated. â€Å"Through the process of procurement request for proposal, bidders can underscore their experience and expertise in an area† (Conviron, 2011). In addition to that, every contractor submits just one proposal as the submission is followed by negotiation with an evaluation committee chosen by the client if the proposal is deemed acceptable. Since competitive proposal s are more flexible as compared to sealed bidding, information from one contractor might be disclosed to

DAVID SEDARIS Us and them Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DAVID SEDARIS Us and them - Essay Example He is also curious to know what this family does during dinner time, only to find that they practice the sense of togetherness through usual talks. Though it seemed weird to the author not to conform to the norm of watching news at that particular hour, he later realized that; this family was even more normal than those families that watched the television. The aspect of equality was practiced in this homestead. Everyone had an opportunity to express their opinion and ideas during the conversation, unlike the author’s home where the parents watched the news and other programs after the news. The other concept carried by the narrative id irony, where the conformist who believed to live a correct life did not show generosity and politeness. This clear from non-conformist expression, they have placed a sign board that urges others not be greedy. However, all we see is that those who thought they were perfect were even worse in their conduct (Sedaris, page 9). The author consumes all the candy without sharing with Tom key’s children. The aspect of irony is evident in that; the audience expects the non-conformist of television to have more mistakes, by the fact that they were behind in terms of technology. Nevertheless, those who conform to the usual norms are even

Case Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Management - Essay Example Case management can also be referred to as program coordination or service coordination (Levine and Brill 5). Case-management is a problem-solving function which is designed to ensure progression of services by overcoming the systems rigidity, misuse of certain facilities and fragmented services (Holt 15). Case management dominates in HIV/ AIDS programs in order to ensure that both the affected and their families get access to care and other services. It is also used in other programs which include the elderly, people with chronic disabilities, teenage mothers, mental health clients, veterans, the disabled, school children, substance abusers, developmentally disabled individuals among others (Holt 140). There is a number of ways in which people can access their needs during case management. The case manager should identify the problem facing the client. This will ensure that he has understood the type of conflict that he should address. This enables him to prepare adequately in managing the case. After getting to know the type of client one is working with then, the case manager should be able to categorize the clients according to case management settings (Holt 56). These include classification according to organization, type of case manager, payment, and the case manager functions (Holt 57). The client one is working with should cooperate effectively. This is because cooperation is effective in reducing the emotional component of the conflict. As one continues dealing with the client, he or she should assess the adherence of the client to the case management procedure (Levine and Brill 34). The tests chosen for the client are supposed to be accurate enough in order to generate the required end results (Holt 67). The case manager should take his/ her time in monitoring the client’s progress. Assessment of the client is an ongoing procedure (Holt 20). During this period, the case manager should have built a solid relationship with the client. Moreover,

Leadership in the Process of Collaboration

Leadership in the Process of Collaboration Leadership is a relationship between those who aspire to lead and those who choose to follow (Kouzes et al., 2007). Leaders must master the dynamics of this relationship. They must learn how to mobilize others to want to struggle for shared aspirations. This means that leaders need to acquire the understanding, skills, and experience to collaborate successfully. Within this context, leaders move away from being the sole decision maker to involving others such as staff, and community members in the decision making process. I have looked deeply into the leader-constituent relationship. Through case analyses, books and journal articles, I have discovered that leaders at all levels follow rather similar paths as they guide others along pioneering journeys. By these studies, I was able to identify one of the most important practices common to most leadership achievements that is enabling others to act. This practice has stood the test of time, and it is available to anyone, in any organization or situation, who accepts the leadership challenge. This essay discusses the broader study that focused on collaboration in order to contextualize and highlight the findings related to the affective elements of collaborative leadership. The essay examines how the leader supports collaboration in their organisation to enlist and enable others to act and analyses the emotional competencies involved in. Finally, consideration is given to how leaders might be supported in the development and acquisition of the key skills required for affective leadership in their organisation. This essay also highlights the data related to how the leaders support collaboration. It specifically describes the perceptions that leaders and other stakeholders had regarding the role of the leader in fostering collaboration. The essay includes the description of behaviours exhibited by leaders and perceived by participants in the study as supporting collaboration. The purpose of the essay is to analyse these collaborative behaviours in terms of their emotional component. It is important to note that the goal of this study was not to examine emotional competencies of leadership. Data related to the affective domain of leaders work emerged as significant findings of the research question. Enlist others in a common vision by appealing to shared aspirations Motivation is what drives individuals to work in the way they do to fulfill goals, needs or expectations. These are numerous, varied and changing. (Bush, T. et al, p237) People can imagine an exciting, highly attractive future for their organization. Leaders may be driven by their clear image of possibility and what their organization could become. In this case, leaders passionately believe that they can make a difference. They create the way that no one else has ever produced. They uplift peoples spirits with an ennobling perspective about why they should strive to be better than they are today. This means that to create an organised movement as well as significant change, leaders need to enlist others. They also must appeal a shared aspiration because people will not follow until the vision is accepted as their own. Leaders must speak others language to enlist them in a vision. Leaders not only understand peoples needs but also have their interests at heart when they are to sign up for journeys into the future. Leaders breathe life into visions through vivid language and an effective style. Their own enthusiasm and excitement are contagious and spread from the leader to constituents. Their belief in and enthusiasm for the vision are the sparks that ignite the flame of inspiration. (Kouzes et al. 2007, p. 16-18) Breath life into your vision and align your dream with the peoples dream According to Kouzes et al. (2007) and Hallinger et al. (2002), people desire to do something that can make a profound difference to the future of their families, friends, and communities and their life as well. Therefore, leaders not only show the directions and set the standards but also effectively communicate a vision. Visions are about our strong desire such as ideals, hopes, dreams and aspirations to achieve something great. In communicating shared visions, leaders need to make them meaningful by awakening dreams, breathing life into them, and arousing the belief that they can get extraordinary things done before bringing these visions into the conversation. In order to make their visions become true, leaders need to keep people focused and excited about the meaning and significance of their work. Leaders have to animate the vision and make manifest the purpose so that others can see it, hear it and feel it. It is not leaders dream alone but is the peoples vision. Hall (2002) shows that they need to show how their individual and collective efforts could make a positive difference and make sure that each team member could repeat the vision not just by rote but also from the heart. This would enable them to realize these aspirations and make all people have the power within themselves to accomplish whatever they desire. Expand your communication and expressiveness skills to animate the vision Kouzes et al. (2007), Shriberg et al. (2005), Green (2000) and Ginsberg et al. (2003) show that to enlist others and arouse them to go decisively forward, leaders not only appeal to their ideas, animate the vision and breathe life into it but also help them understand how their own interests and dreams are aligned with the vision. The constituents will become internally motivated to commit their individual energies to its realisation if leaders recognise that their enthusiasm and expressiveness are indispensable factors in their efforts to generate commitment in their constituents. People always desire to work more effectively and find out the fastest way to achieve their common goals but it will be very difficult if the visions are not images in their mind. Therefore, to enlist others and inspire a shared vision, leaders must be able to paint word pictures that best portray the meaning of their vision and that others get a natural mental image of what things will be like in the future. To find the ways of giving expression to their collective hopes for the future, leaders face some challenges. Firstly, extraordinary things are often very difficult to get for leaders and their constituents. They may be dispirited while facing these difficulties. In this situation, leaders must recognise that their constituents look for them to demonstrate an enthusiastic and genuine belief in their capacity and supply the means to achieve and express optimism for the future to remain passionate despite obstacles. These mean that their vital tasks are to foster team spirit, breed optimism, promote resilience as well as renew faith and confidence. Thus, leaders must look the situation at the bright side and keep hope alive. They must strengthen their constituents belief that lifes struggle will produce a more promising future. (Kouzes et al. 2007, p. 147) Secondly, in mobilizing people to struggle for shared aspirations, their intensive enthusiasm is required to generate. Consequently, leaders are responsible for the energy of authentic excitement in their organization. They need to add more emotion by using all means of verbal and nonverbal expression to their words and their behavior to communicate with their constituents because it really makes their messages to be more memorable. In addition, the prerequisite to enlisting others in a shared vision is genuineness. The first place to look before taking to others about the vision of the future is in your heart (Kouzes et al., 2007, p. 151). If the vision is not leaders or they do not believe in what they are saying, it will be very difficult for them to enlist the others. As Staler (2005) point out, people identified specific communicative behaviours that the leader demonstrates which can support collaboration in the organisation. However, they felt that listening and openness are particularly important in providing support. Inherently, such behaviour is emotional work. Openness is related to the honest sharing and disclosure of information, both personal and professional. Similarly, Kouzes and Posner (1999) indicate that in order to become fully trusted, we must be open. Furthermore, when the leader takes the risk of being open, others are more likely to take a similar risk, thereby building interpersonal trust. The ability of the leader to foster such a safe environment, to promote and exemplify such a learning model is, in part, an emotional capacity. Foster collaboration by building trust and facilitating relationships In todays virtual organisations, cooperation can not be restricted to a small group of loyalists. It must include peers, managers, customers and clients, supplies, citizens. All those have a stake in the vision. (Kouzes et al., 2007, p. 20). Leaders have to know that to produce the good results people must feel a sense of personal power and ownership. Instead of the command and the control techniques of traditional management, the new effective way to enable others to act is to make people feel strong, capable, and committed by giving the power away. Show trust to build trust Need for trust working together, as Mayer, R. C. (1995) said, often involves interdependence, and people must therefore depend on others in various ways to accomplish their personal and organisational goals. The development of mutual trust provides one mechanism for enabling employees to work together more effectively. The emergence of self-directed teams and a reliance on empowered workers greatly increase the importance of the concept of trust (Golembiewski McConkie, 1975; Larson LaFasto, 1989). In the use of self-directed teams, trust must take the place of supervision because direct observation of employees becomes impractical. Further, a clear understanding of trust and its causes can facilitate cohesion and collaboration between people by building trust through means other than interpersonal similarity. According to Kouzes et al. (2007) and Grint (2003), trust must be at the heart of collaboration. Leaders have to be trust others if they want others to trust them. They can not lead without trust. Therefore, to create a climate of trust, leaders need to be the first to trust by being the first to open up, to show vulnerability and to let go of control. Self-confident and self-disclosure are also required to build interpersonal trust. Moreover, Dinham (2007) point out that leaders must understand that besides sharing information and resources to foster collaboration they need to care for others needs and interests that play a key ingredient to build the team around common purpose and mutual respect. They understand that mutual respect is what sustains extraordinary efforts. If leadership is built on trust and confidence, people will take risks to make changes and movements alive. Leaders have the most significant impact on their organisation, promote cooperative goals and build trust by engaging in frequent conversation. It is impossible for leaders to take their people or their organisation to the next level without meaningful, frequent, and consistent communication. Huber (2002) reveal that a collaborative environment leads to greater satisfaction of individuals within the organisation, and therefore enhances their performance. Yet a collaborative environment does not just emerge because one declares there will now be collaboration. It takes a great deal of trust and respect for this type of synergy to occur. A leader builds this trust by asking and utilizing others input, considering alternative perspectives, allowing others to make decisions, and communicating, communicating, communicating. When employees feel that they are trusted, they will become trustworthy. On the contrary, when individuals feel that they are not trusted, they will exhibit behaviors creating a toxic environment. In the book the Leadership Challenge, Kouzes and Posner point out that trust is the most significant predictor of individuals satisfaction with their organisation. Highly effective leaders recognise that it is not important for them to be right, but rather to listen, take advice, lose arguments, and in some cases follow. Through these behaviors trust is built and performance is maximized. Get people interacting to facilitate relationship The most genuine way to demonstrate your care and interest in others is to engage them in conversation. Frequent conversations build trust while learning about anothers values, interests, concerns, and desires. People do not perform at their greatest levels when in isolation. Shribersg et al. (2005) argue that it is important that an organization provides opportunities to interact whether it is though social events, common meeting spaces, or regular staff meetings. Some leaders may see frequent social opportunities as wasteful or non-productive; the reality is an organization cannot develop shared priorities or reach common goals if there are not opportunities to interact both personally and professionally. In addition, Kouzes and Posner (2007) and Shriberg et al. (2005) showed that a sense of interdependent community in which everyone coordinate their efforts and need the others to be successful is one of the most crucial components to cooperation and collaboration. To bind others into cooperative efforts, a specific reason for being together must be provided by sharing and developing cooperative goals. It is also necessary for leaders to establish and keep the norms of reciprocity and fairness in their mind to improve relationship and decrease stress while working together. While people keeping the common goal in their mind, leaders need to help them to understand that they can not achieve the group outcomes unless they all play successfully their individual parts. People need to know that the long-term benefits of common group are more significant than the short-term benefits of working alone. There are many things that no one can gain on their own, but they can easily accomplish by working together. Moreover, Kouzes et al. (2007) pointed out that: group goals, reciprocity, and promoting joint efforts are all essential for collaboration to occur, but what is critical is positive face-to-face interaction. Nowadays, with the great help from technology people have many ways to connect with the others such as the emails, instant messages, and video conferences. However, the most effective interaction to build trust and promote teamwork is face-to-face conversation frequently. Durable and regular interactions between people make them always remember about how they have treated and have been treated by others. This helps them to have positive feelings on the rest of their group, which may be a solid foundation for success. Some people claim that face-to-face connection takes considerable amount of time, but despite this disadvantage, leaders need to make it one of their leadership imperatives because of the effectiveness it brings to them. Strengthen others by increasing self-determination and developing competence To allow people to feel more powerful and ultimately be more productive, it is critical to increase their ability to influence. This may be done through increasing their signature authority, reducing unnecessary approval steps, eliminating rules when possible, and assigning non-routine jobs. Unfortunately, in many organizations employees are charged with tremendous amounts of responsibility yet are not able to influence their environment to efficiently and effectively get the job done well. Employees must feel that they have the freedom to move around freely and maneuver resources necessary to accomplish an assigned task. (Jill Tomac) Creating a climate in which people are involved and feel important is at the heart of strengthening others. Leaders must make sure that everyone involve in all the group work. They need to listen to the opinions of others carefully and then help them to build up their capabilities as well as update their own information and perspective. When people are trusted and have more discretion, more authority, and more information, they are much more likely to use their energies to produce extraordinary results. (Kouzes et al., p. 21) Moreover, one key to success is that in order to gain respect leaders must also show respect for others. Jill Tomac shows that leaders are those individuals who are not widely known; they have very little interest in placing themselves in the forefront but are quite happy having their successors in the spotlight. In effect, these leaders create stars all around them, allowing others the glory. As a result, each member of the organization is performing at his/her maximum potential and bringing the organisation to new levels of achievement. Leaders recognise the importance of empowering others, through sharing information and assigning responsibility while enforcing accountability. A leaders ability to understand and appreciate others perspectives can be the critical distinguishing factor between a success and failure. Leaders who prefer to work by themselves and do not engage or believe in those around them have great difficulty achieving their goals. They have a tendency to share power and provide choice; allowing others the latitude to make choices and take responsibility. Of course, i t is valuable to provide the expectations, parameters, direction, and skill building needed to be successful. However, beyond that people must feel that they have the respect and trust of their superiors to get the job done. Effective leaders use their power in service to others through strengthening and supporting them. In effect, leaders turn subordinates into leaders themselves enabling people to consider variables, make choices, and act on their own initiative. As Kouzes and Posner state Leaders strengthen others when they give their power away, when they make it possible for constituents to exercise choice and discretion, when they develop competence to excel, when they assign critical tasks, and when they offer visible support. Increase individual accountability to enhance self-determination To help people increase accountability and then enhance self-determination, leaders need to act by following a scientific process. Firstly, as Riley et al. (2003) said, people can not finish their work as their group desire and can not make a difference if they have no freedom of choice about what they do as well as the way that they think fit. Thus, leaders need to help them to recognise their abilities and assign them to roles that they are comfortable by listening to their ideas and suggestions. By this way, every group member can bring value to the whole team and be responsible for their work Secondly, leaders must design work proactively to allow others discretion and choice. It means that people must have the latitude in decisions what they desire and believe should be done in their own creative and flexible ways. By this way, leaders can empower and strengthen others to do their best. Thirdly, personal accountability is a critical factor of collaboration. It seems to be a contradiction between cooperation and personal accountability as some peoples opinions. They argue that they will take less responsibility for their action while working collectively because others do their parts of work for them. Although they have a point in thinking that, their opinions are not true. This is because the team do not accept the slackers unless they increase their own responsibility. People are forced powerfully to do well by the expectations of the rest of their group. Therefore, by promoting collaboration, leaders simultaneously increase individual accountability. (Kouzes et al. 2007). Offer training support to develop competence Leithwood et al. (2003) indicate that when increasing the authority and influence a person has within the organization, it is critical for people to develop the needed skills and knowledge to perform effectively. It is foolish to ask people to begin making decisions or take actions that they have never been assigned before without preparing them to be successful. Through training, coaching, and mentoring staff, they will not only increase their abilities but also their interest and dedication to their work. (Jill Tomac) Valuing people means not only listening to what they have to say or contribute, but taking their input and using it to solve problems or make decisions. To value the contribution of other people, the leader supports the collaborative process by focusing on the interdependent nature of their work (Staler, 2005). However, as noted by Beatty (2000a), and the studies of Blase and Blase (2000), leaders may feel concerned about losing control while letting go of control. Therefore, they need to understand about shared responsibility. Advocacy for collaboration includes the promotion of beliefs, goals, and information about the value of collaboration. A principal advocates for collaboration by conveying the ongoing visible endorsement of, and participation, in collaborative activities (Leonard and Leonard 2001). As previously mentioned, when principals model collaboration they build credibility, because their actions are consistent with their words or they do what they say they will do. However, to set an example, principals need to be clear about their values and beliefs; they must know what they stand for. According to Kouzes and Posner (1999) thats the say part. Advocacy then might take the form of conveying information on the attributes and goals of collaboration or describing the decision making model for implementation. People say that the leaders advocacy for collaboration helps to support the process are in accordance with Gerbers view (1991: 48), that effective advocacy puts collaboration on the launching pad for take-off in the school. Goleman (1998) introduced the term emotional competency to describe learned, job-related capabilities or skills that individuals develop based upon their emotional intelligence. As Goleman (1995) identified, five domains of emotional intelligence are self-awareness, managing emotions, motivating oneself, empathy, and adeptness in relationships. People agreed that in collaboration, workplace skills related to emotional intelligence are required leadership competencies. Staler (2005) show that to understand others, leaders need to actively listen to their ideas and sympathise with their feelings, perspectives and concerns. In other word, the artful skill of understanding another persons perspective depends upon a communication skill such as emotional competencies. Emotional self-awareness that is also identified to relate to competencies is a crucial skills in collaboration. According to Goleman (1998), people who know their emotions engage in accurate self-assessment, and have a strong sense of their own self-worth. Having the courage to speak out is an emotional competency based on self-confidence. The development of self-awareness meant discovering their own voice and coming to their own sense of power. It also means that in a collaborative situation people need to recognise the strengths that they bring to the group (Slater, 2005). In addition, Options, latitude, and accountability fuel peoples sense of power and control over their lives. Yet as necessary as enhancing self-determination is, it is insufficient. Without the knowledge, skills, information, and resources to do a job expertly, without feeling competent to skillfully execute the choices that it requires, people feel overwhelmed and disable. (Kouzes et al. 2007). Without education, training and coaching to develop their skills, people may not know how to exercise their knowledge to operate their critical tasks because they are scared of making mistake. Therefore, leaders not only increase the latitude and discretion of their constituents but they also need to raise expenditures on training. This means that the group members need be understood and then to receive training in both basic and expert skills and problem-solving techniques. These investments will develop peoples competences and foster their confidence. They may be more qualified, more capable and more effective in taking their part of common work. Basing on understanding how the contextual factors of others jobs perform to designed their works to help them know what is expected of them is another important way that leaders can strengthen their constituents. Thus, leaders must to: provide sufficient training and technical support so that people can complete their assignments successfully. Enrich their responsibilities so that they experience variety in their task assignments and opportunities to make meaningful decisions about how their work gets accomplished. Create occasions for them to network with others in the organisation. Involve them in programmes, meetings, and decisions that have a direct impact on their job performance. (Kouzes et al. 2007, p. 264) Conduct coaching conversations to foster self-confidence As Kouzes et al. (2007) said, without adequate self-confident, people can not convince to take challenges. They will feel powerless to make choices and to face opposition because they do not believe in their skills as well as they are not sure to make decisions. The lack of self-confident also leads to the lack of self-determination. Therefore, fostering the confidence for people to accomplish their tasks is critical in the process of strengthening others. Similarly, Gold (1998) and Northouse (2010) point out that leaders must take a careful look at what people are doing and communicate to them that they can be successful if they persevere in their works. It is true that by helping people learn from their skills and experiences, leaders act as coaches. If coaching occurs regularly, people will become more capable because of being encouraged to broaden their skills and experiences. Jill Tomac indicates that to foster self-confidence, leaders create stars all around them. Rather than shine the spotlight on themselves, they sing the praises of others. Effective leaders need to find out what others doing well, then thank them for their contribution, and finally sharing it with others. CONCLUSION Evidences in this essay reveal the need for leaders to enlist and enable others to act in the process of collaboration. To this end, leaders need appropriate professional development of the fundamental abilities that are required in facilitating groups, reaching consensus as well as team building. In this way, leaders must develop new skills, behaviours, and essential knowledge. Firstly, to enlist others, leaders breathe life in to the shared vision that is meaningful to them. They make people feel proud to be a part of extraordinary common work. Secondly, to foster collaboration, leaders must create a climate of trust and facilitate effective relationship by getting people interacting. They must develop cooperative goals to make senses of collective purpose. Thirdly, to strengthen others, leaders have to extend power and responsibility to them. They develop others competence and confidence as well as enhance self- determination by offer training and coaching support. Accordingly, this essay has explored a crucial practice of leaders that is to enable others to act, in which collaboration is the central component. Understanding and managing the emotional aspects of the collaborative process is a challenge for leaders who wish to work in collaborative ways. The success of collaborative reform efforts and the improvement of organization performance rely on the leaders skilful implementation of the collaborative process. Consequently, further studies that examine the emotions of leadership would enhance our understanding of how leaders competencies in the affective domain can be used to build the capacity for leading in the modern time.

Exposing Children To Profanity :: essays research papers

The United States Constitution gives Americans many rights. One of those rights is the freedom of speech. A controversy has erupted in the United States because the government is unable to determine the limitations on this right. "In early America when our forefathers wrote the Constitution, profanity was not accepted" (Shoeder 72). This makes determining the true definition of "speech" difficult. A majority of people believe profanity is an acceptable form of language. These people feel that they are free to say what they want without worrying about the rights of others. Due to this insensitivity, a child has a hard time walking down a street without hearing offensive words. For example, there is a man standing on a street corner harassing another person. The child hears profane words used by the man, and from this the child relates anger with profanity. Another example is a woman seen arguing with a cashier using profanity in an attempt to get her way, and the child with her begins to believe that to get your way you must cruse. A third example is a waitress having a bad day, and taking it out on the customers the child in the booth next to the customers and the waitress is thinking that this is a proper way to communicate. All of these examples are using improper language for children to hear (Shoeder 72). Parents are then expected to explain and make excuses for the vocabulary being used by others. Profanity has become uncontrollable and has had a great role in the moral decay of our society. The main goal for parents and government officials should be the regulation of profanity in the United States.Adults are formed through the experiences of their childhood. The way a person acts and speaks is often determined at a young age. When a parent uses profanity, a child may feel free to also use these words. For instance, a mother may not intentionally use profanity when cutting her finger while in the kitchen. As a result of the mother's action, a child may use the same words when they get hurt (Hochman 29). Parents play a great part in a young person's upbringing so it is not surprising that children imitate their guardians' actions. Growing up without a role model forces a child to look for other sources to imitate. Television has role models for children to admire most of them are not beneficial for children.

College Pressure at Lehigh University Essay

In †College Pressures†, author William Zinsser spends most of the time talking about students’ pressures, especially in the 60’s and 70’s, based on his experience at Branford College at Yale University. The article shows that students are facing pressures in lots of aspects, such as economic, parental, peer and self-induced aspects. However, these pressures are not rare in just a few universities. Economic pressure, parental pressure and peer pressure is present even in a prestigious university like Lehigh. Pressure is the new disease that is spreading through many universities and causing students to lose sight of the actual purpose of school by focusing only on test scores. To begin with, the tuition of Lehigh University increases each year, student’s economic pressure goes up as well. Since students don’t earn too much money, they have to plan each use of money carefully. For instance, in order to save money, students buy e-books instead of textbooks, buy things on Amazon, and sell things they don’t use anymore on E-bay. They have to save money for pursuing higher degrees later. It seems that the biggest pressure most students confront is the economic pressure. As Zinsser mentioned in the article, â€Å"The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job.† (Zinsser, 1979, p.73) For international students, parents pay a lot for their children to study abroad because they want them to get a better education and thus lay a good foundation for their future. Studying in America costs lots of money, therefore, students have more pressure and push themselves to study harder. Additionally, competition for jobs and internships actually starts from freshman year. Chuxin, one of my friends at Lehigh University, goes to career services frequently to seek internships. I asked her why, and she said its better for us to care about our career since freshman year. Through internships, we can gain experiences for when we are looking jobs after graduation and add some excellent items to our resume as well. This obsession with getting a job as soon as possible is due to the desire to lower the economic pressure on the family of student. Moreover students have to face reality and make the best decision for their major and future direction. Sometimes a secure job is much more important than personal interest. As an international student in Lehigh University, I sometimes questioned myself about my purpose of studying abroad. Since seeking for good jobs has been a cruel race for undergraduate students in recent decades, pursuing higher GPA in college has truly stressed them out. Secondly, the parental pressure is another factor that is causing students much distress. One simple example, comparing their children to other children is one favorite way for parents to encourage their children, but this behavior sometimes can annoy children. Even though sometimes parents don’t intend to push their children, the children feel even more pressure. Parents work hard to pay for their sons and daughters; therefore, students should work harder to repay them. Take me as an example. When I was young, my parents divorced, eventually, my mother became a businesswoman and raised me up all by herself. I exert myself to get good grades so that I can return what she offered me one day. Hence, when getting bad grades on examinations, I feel sad and blame myself because I disappointed her, and because of my uselessness. For this reason, when I get bad grades, it will always be a long time for me to refresh the emotion. Furthermore, parents like to make choice, which in their mind, that considering the best for children’s future. My cousin, dreams to be an engineer, applied Lehigh University. Instead, however, her mother wants her to be a doctor because doctor has high social status, respected by others, and earns higher salary. She was matriculated by Case Western University already, which is good at medicine, but she is still waiting for the result of Lehigh University. She told me that she’s nervous because she doesn’t want to be a doctor at all. This creates the scenario in the article, where Zinsser said: â€Å"It is easy to look around for villains — to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains, only victims. †(1979, p.73) Not only do students have to worry about parental pressure they are also concerned with peer pressure. From what I observed, half of students come with AP credits. I was once proud of m yself because of the superiority 14 credits in AP. Recently, however, I know that two of my friends already have 36 and 37 credits, and a few have more. One of my friends said to me †Hurry up, then we can graduate together!† I feel so nervous because everyone pursuits the higher-level academic performance and I stressed out because of the drastic competition. About 70 percent of my friends will go to summer school in the coming break, either in China or at Lehigh University. It seems that graduating in four years can’t satisfy us anymore; only if we study harder can we chase others’ rate of progress. Since competition among students becomes more severe, it causes peer pressure. Also, students care about each other’s study. One of my friends complains to me that her roommate cares her â€Å"way too much.† Her roommate always asks her where she is heading up to or what she is studying for. When the examination’s grade come out, she asks my friend’s final grade but doesn’t tell my friend hers. This kind of situation happens not rare. Students are interested in compare other’s grade with their own. In order to get greater achievement in study, students have to make the balance between time to study and time to do the activities. One of the students I know, for the sake of pursuing a higher GPA in this semester, has even give up the time for doing sports and participating extracurricular activities and dedicates his time to study to improve his academic performance. From my personal perspective, students will stress out by doing these kinds of things. I have a friend named Kai. He is a sophomore and has double major in mechanical engineering and electrical engineering. He overloads several credits each semester and the most important is that he got a 4.0 GPA in freshman year. Therefore, he becomes the â€Å"target† for all freshman students. When he walks on the street, some people, even not familiar with him, always stop him and ask him how he handles the study. We once chatted, and he told me he is just interested in engineering and wants to obtain real knowledge. He just does what he likes and is not the kind of person who succeeds by studying hard for tests. While, pressures young people face become universal today. Pressure on students is an â€Å"epidemic† in Lehigh University basically in three reasons: economic pressure, parental pressure and peer pressure. These are pressures that are conspicuously faced by a large number of students, and stress is more likely based on students’ academic study. There are still some other pressures caused by professors, friends or even students themselves. Pressure is not totally bad because it can motivate students to move forward and explore themselves better; nevertheless, students can’t let academic performance dominate their entire campus life, and it’s good for them to relax a little bit; otherwise, students sacrifice their education by becoming skilled test takers rather than truly gaining any knowledge in college. Reference Zinsser, W. (1979). College Pressures. Blair and Ketchum’s Country Journal, 6(4), 72–78.